ELC-3rd Day - तीसरा दिन
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3rd Day - We shall learn about Helping Verbs (Auxiliary Verbs)-Is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall and it usage as Main Verb.
It is very important and starting of making simple sentences in English. Knowledge of 1st and 2nd day's topics will greatly help in understanding it easily. |
Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs सहायक क्रियांए
Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs are of two types:
1. Primary Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs
2. Modals
Primary Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs
Primary Auxiliary verbs (also known as Helping Verbs) are verbs that are used together with the main verb of the sentence to express
the action or state. They support the main verbs to form the structure of sentence as per specific tense. Primary Auxiliary Verbs are of three types:
1. Verbs 'TO BE' - Is, are, am, was, were
2. Verbs 'TO HAVE' - Has, have, had
3. Verbs 'TO DO' - Do, does, did
सहायक क्रिया वह क्रिया है जो वाक्य में मुख्य वर्ब के साथ क्रिया या स्थिति को दर्शाने में प्रयुक्त होती है । यह मुख्य वर्ब को प्रत्येक टेन्स के अनुसार वाक्य बनाने में सहायक होती है । सहायक क्रिया मुख्यतः उपरिलिखित तीन प्रकार की होती है ।
The verb "TO BE" is used as - Is / are / am / was / were. It’s simple meaning is "to be" or be something. As helping or auxiliary verbs, it is used in tenses, active-passive and
direct-indirect about which we will learn in detail later. Here we will learn about its other usages in a sentence.
Simple meaning of verb " TO HAVE" denotes "possession". "Have" is used as - Has / have / had. As helping or auxiliary verbs, it is also used in tenses, active-passive and
direct-indirect about which we will learn in detail later. Here we will learn about its simple meaning "Possession".
Simple meaning of verb "TO DO" is used as - Do / does / did. It's simple meaning is "to perform an action" and vastly used in tenses, active-passive and direct-indirect about
which we will learn in detail later. Here we will learn about its other usages in sentence.
"TO BE" क्रिया का इन शब्दों द्वारा इंग्लिश में प्रयोग होता है - Is/are/am/was/were. इसका हिन्दी में अर्थ होता है "होना" और हिन्दी में इसके रूप हैं - है/हूँ/था/होगा । इन्ही अर्थों में इसके रूप हैं
- रहता है/होता है/हुआ है । यह टेन्स, एक्टिव-पेसिव और ड़िरेक्ट-इन्ड़िरेक्ट में भी प्रयुक्त होती है जिनके बारे में आगे विस्तार से जानेंगे ।
यहां हम इनके दूसरे प्रयोगों के बारे में जानेंगे ।
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"TO HAVE" का हिन्दी में प्रचलित अर्थ है "पास होना/कब्जे में" । पास होना व्यक्त करने के लिए हर बार 'पास' शब्द का प्रयोग जरूरी नही है जैसे - 'मेरे पास जानकारी है' को 'मुझे जानकारी है' भी कह सकते हैं । यह टेन्स,
एक्टिव-पेसिव और ड़िरेक्ट-इंड़िरेक्ट में भी प्रयुक्त होती है जिनके बारे में आगे विस्तार से जानेंगे । यहां हम इनके अर्थ "पास होना" के बारे में जानेंगे ।
"TO DO" (Do/Does/Did) का सिंपल अर्थ है 'कार्य करना' और बड़े़ रूप में इसका इस्तेमाल टेन्स, एक्टिव-पेसिव और ड़िरेक्ट-इंड़िरेक्ट में होता है. यहां हम इसके अलग प्रयोग के बारे में जानेंगे ।
Examples
| मैं खुश हूँ । | I am happy. |
| सचिन घर पर है । | Sachin is at home. |
| माहिका बड़ी मोहक लड़की है । | Mahika is a very charming girl. |
| हम सब विद्धार्थी हैं । | We all are students. |
| अनु कल अनुपस्थित थी । | Anu was absent yesterday. |
| तुम मेरे पड़ोसी थे । | You were my neighbour. |
| तुम हमेशा खुश हो । | You are always happy. |
| भारत में सब लोग खराब नही है । | All people are not bad in India. |
| ऐसे अवसर दुर्लभ है । | Such occasions are rare. |
| मेरा पेट भरा हुआ है । | My stomach is full. |
| मेरे पांच दोस्त है । | I have five friends |
| वर्तिका के बाल लम्बे हैं । | Vartika has long hair. |
| उसे कुछ भी अनुभव नही है । | He has no experience. |
| आप एक कप चाय जरूर लीजिये । | Do have a cup of tea. |
Use of Helping Verbs
We have seen above examples of Helping Verb. Now we are to learn about:
1. What is Ist person, 2nd person, 3rd person?
2. Which helping verb is used with 1st/2nd/3rd person?
3. What are sentence forming Rules of it?
ऊपर हमने सहायक क्रिया के कुछ उदाहरण पढ़े । अब हमे इनके बारे में सीखना हैः
1. पहला व्यक्ति, दूसरा व्यक्ति, तीसरा व्यक्ति क्या है?
2. किस व्यक्ति के साथ कौन सी सहायक क्रिया इस्तेमाल होनी है?
3. वाक्य बनाने के नियम क्या है?
We give below a table to understand above stated point number 1 & 2.
| Person | Subject | Helping Verb of Present Tense | Helping Verb of Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ist person | I | am, have | was, had |
| 2nd Person | You | are, have | were, had |
| 3rd Person-Singular | He/She/It/Ram | is, has | was, had |
| 3rd Person-Plural | We/They/boys | are, have | were, had |
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